According to CoinMeta, and as reported by foreign media, France is working with its European allies to strengthen and expand its role as a nuclear-armed nation in order to enhance deterrence against potential attacks from Russia. French President Emmanuel Macron has referred to this plan as the “Frontier Deterrence” initiative. The plan involves deploying French “Rafale” fighter jets with nuclear strike capabilities across Europe, as well as establishing new infrastructure, communication links, early warning systems, and intelligence sharing mechanisms with allies. Since Macron first announced the plan in March, ten countries including the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Greece, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark have joined in. The three Baltic states that are most vulnerable to Russian threats have not been included in this plan. Italy, on the other hand, has refused to join.