web3: Solana Route failure causes the mainnet to approach the shutdown threshold
SolanaFloor
2h ago
Ai Focus
Teraswitch Routing failures led to nearly 30% of staked assets being affected; SOL Disconnections occurred; Solana The mainnet did not experience downtime, but the issue of network concentration has once again drawn attention.
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Solana 主网本周一度接近失去交易最终确认能力。基础设施服务商 Teraswitch 的路由故障,导致约 28.83% 的质押 SOL 进入离线状态。主网没有停摆,区块仍在继续生成,但这次事件再次暴露出验证者对少数基础设施提供商的依赖。

接近停摆线但未触发

按照 Solana 的运行机制,若离线质押比例超过 33.34%,网络将停止完成交易最终确认。Marinade Finance 估算,这次事故已触及该阈值的 86%,距离真正触发停摆只差约 2000 万枚 SOL。

受影响验证者大约有 90 个,故障持续约 33 分钟。相关验证者损失的奖励约为 333 枚 SOL,预计将由验证者保证金在本轮 epoch 结束时覆盖。

路由问题波及欧亚多个节点

问题出在 Teraswitch 的边缘路由器。部分欧洲和亚洲站点将错误路由当作本地默认路径,优先级高于正确路径,而核心基础设施又将该路由判定为无效,最终导致 12 个站点失去有效转发路径。

受影响地区包括伦敦、阿姆斯特丹、都柏林、法兰克福、新加坡和东京,北美未出现同类中断。Teraswitch 表示,大约 10 分钟后识别出问题,网络流量在 04:16:15 UTC 左右恢复,但迈阿密节点在排查期间仍暂时脱离其骨干网络。

质押集中放大了冲击

Marinade 的分析显示,AS20326 承载了 1.1889 亿枚 SOL,超过全网质押总量的四分之一。事故发生时,其中约 94% 同时离线,成为这次风险迅速放大的关键原因。

此外,Latitude.sh、Limestone、Butterfly Research 和 Allnodes 相关环境中,还有约 1410 万枚 SOL 同步离线。Marinade 表示,现有数据还无法确认这些中断究竟来自共同依赖,还是只是时间上的重合。

Marinade 还发现,59 个合计持有 8020 万枚 SOL 的验证者,几乎在阿姆斯特丹、法兰克福和东京的同一恢复窗口内重新上线。这些验证者看起来并未触发自动故障切换,而是一直等到路由重新收敛后才恢复。

在 Marinade 可测量的 74 个验证者中,只有 3 个通过冗余安排顺利恢复,分别是 Laine、Cogent Crypto 和 Lion3d。Marinade 也承认,其自身委托计划同样存在集中问题,目前 4 个 ASN 占其委托质押的三分之二,其中 AS395201 单独占比达到 36.94%。

主网继续运行,开发网曾短暂停止

Solana 基金会技术副总裁 Jacob Creech 表示,在 699 个已质押验证者中,仍有 597 个持续参与投票,约占七分之六。受影响验证者在 40 分钟内恢复,基金会委托计划中的验证者未受波及。

Anza 方面补充称,同一故障期间,Solana Devnet 曾一度停止,但在路由问题解除后自动恢复。由于 Devnet 与主网运行相同软件,这被部分开发者视为网络韧性较以往有所提升。

Solana 上一次主网完全停摆发生在 2024 年 2 月,当时网络重启耗时接近 5 小时。这次事件虽然没有演变成主网中断,但再次说明,只要基础设施依赖过于集中,局部路由故障仍可能迅速演变为全网风险。

补充信息:Pyth 也受到连带影响。由于 Teraswitch 托管了其 4 个 NATS 节点中的 2 个,节点失联后一度导致 NATS 失去法定数量,依赖其运行的 Router 服务随之不可用。Pyth 表示将加快引入新的基础设施提供商,并把关键服务分散到独立故障域中。

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