According to CoinMeta, as the war in Iran enters its seventh month, the impact of rising oil prices is already evident in Europe's inflation reports. In Spain, the harmonized inflation rate reached 5% in September 2023, the highest level since February 2023. Price increases have also accelerated in France and Poland, with energy costs being the main driving factor. Meanwhile, after the European Central Bank (ECB) raised interest rates for the second time this year, Spain's national consumer price index rose by 4.9% year-on-year. Furthermore, France's harmonized inflation rate soared from 2.6% in August to 3.4%, the fastest growth rate in over two years. Poland's inflation also increased from 3.4% to 4.0%, exceeding the central bank's tolerance range for the first time.