According to CoinMeta, the U.S. Producer Price Index ( PPI ) rose by 0.4% in August, reaching an annual rate of 5.4%, up from 4.8% in July. This figure is in line with economists' expectations, but the acceleration of annual inflation has raised concerns about price pressures becoming difficult to control. Meanwhile, the European Central Bank raised interest rates by 25 basis points to 2.5%, which is the second time this year that rates have been increased. Global markets have been affected by a new round of inflation warnings, and investors are re-evaluating the risks of global tightening. The price of Brent crude oil has surpassed $100, and the rise in energy prices has fueled inflation expectations in many countries. Markets expect that the European Central Bank's interest rates will reach around 2.74% by December.